CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
CONDITIONAL SENTENCESTYPE I:It is used for future possibility.There are two clauses in conditional sentencesFirst is called “IF” clause and Second is called “MAIN” clause.Formula: if + sub + v1st + obj , sub + will + v1st + objExample:If you go, I will go.If you don’t play, I will not playIf I eat, will you eat?If I take class, will not you take class?If you have a lot of money, what will you do?TYPE II:It is used for present and future. It is unreal sentence.Formula: If + sub + v2nd + object , sub + would + v1st + objExample:If I had money, I would give you (present).If I were not human, I would be angle.If I eat, would you eat?If I had to take class, I would take.If I go, I would bring for you (future).TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES1. FormIn a Type 3 conditional sentence, the tense in the ‘if’ clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional:‘IF’ CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + past perfectIf it had rainedIf you had worked harder Perfect conditionalyou would have got wetyou would have passed the exam.Perfect conditional - formThe perfect conditional of any verb is composed of two elements: would + the perfect infinitive of the main verb (=have + past participle):Subject would perfect infinitiveHeThey wouldwould have gone…have stayed…Affirmative I would have believed …Negative She wouldn’t have given…Interrogative Would you have left…?Interrogative negative Wouldn’t he have been…?Example: to go, Past conditionalAffirmative Negative Interrogative I would have gone I wouldn’t have gone Would I have gone?You would have gone You wouldn’t have gone Would you have gone?He would have gone She wouldn’t have gone Would it have gone?We would have gone We wouldn’t have gone Would we have gone?You would have gone You wouldn’t have gone Would you have gone?They would have gone They wouldn’t have gone Would they have gone?In these sentences, the time is past, and the situation is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed.Type 3 conditional sentences, are truly hypothetical or unreal, because it is now too late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always an unspoken “but…” phrase:If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam(but I didn’t work hard, and I didn’t pass the exam).If I’d known you were coming I’d have baked a cake(but I didn’t know, and I haven’t baked a cake).NOTE: Both would and had can be contracted to ‘d, which can be confusing. Remember that you NEVER use would in the IF-clause, so in the example above, “If I’d known” must be “If I had known“, and “I’d have baked” must be “I would have baked..”Examples:a. If I’d known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.b. I would have bought you a present if I’d known it was your birthday.c. If they’d had a better goalkeeper they wouldn’t have lost the game.d. If you had told me you were on the Internet, I’d have sent you an e-mail.e. Would you have bought an elephant if you’d known how much they eat?THE ZERO CONDITIONALIn 'zero' conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present:'IF' CLAUSE (CONDITION)MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)If + simple presentIf you heat iceIf it rainssimple presentit melts.you get wetNOTE: The order of the clauses is not fixed - the 'if' clause can be first or second:Ice melts if you heat it.You get wet if it rains.In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible. They are used to make statements about the real world, and often refer to general truths, such as scientific facts.Examples:a. If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.b. Plants die if they don't get enough water.c. If my husband has a cold, I usually catch it.d. If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.e. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.The structure below is often used to give instructions, using the imperative in the main clause:If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.Ask Pete if you're not sure what to do.